What role does transfer RNA (tRNA) primarily serve?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) primarily serves the crucial function of bringing amino acids to the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis, also known as translation. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one amino acid and has a corresponding anticodon that pairs with the codon on the mRNA strand. This matching allows the tRNA to deliver the appropriate amino acid in the correct sequence, which is essential for forming proteins according to the genetic code.

This process is fundamental to the overall functioning of cells, as proteins are vital for a wide range of biological activities, including structural support, catalyzing reactions, and regulating processes within the cell. By facilitating the correct assembly of amino acids, tRNA plays an indispensable role in ensuring that proteins are synthesized accurately and efficiently.