What is the major difference between a single-cell eukaryote and a multicellular organism?

The major difference between a single-cell eukaryote and a multicellular organism is the division of labor among cells. In a multicellular organism, cells specialize to perform specific functions, allowing the organism to carry out complex processes and maintain homeostasis more effectively. This specialization enables different types of cells to work together harmoniously, contributing to the overall efficiency and adaptability of the organism.

For example, in humans, there are muscle cells for movement, nerve cells for communication, and blood cells for transport, each optimized for its particular role. In contrast, a single-cell eukaryote, such as an amoeba, must perform all necessary life functions within that one cell, relying on its organelles to fulfill various roles without the advantage of specialized cell types.

This division of labor enhances the overall capability of multicellular organisms, allowing them to perform complex tasks that a single-cell eukaryote cannot manage alone.