What is a benefit of having a division of labor in a multicellular organism?

Specialization increasing efficiency is a fundamental benefit of division of labor in multicellular organisms. In a multicellular organism, different cell types can evolve to perform specific functions, such as muscle cells specializing in movement, nerve cells in communication, and epithelial cells in protection and absorption. This specialization allows each type of cell to become highly efficient at its designated role, enabling the overall organism to operate effectively.

For example, muscle cells have adaptations such as a high concentration of contractile proteins, which allows them to contract more efficiently than if all cells were required to perform muscle functions. Similarly, cells in the digestive system can optimize nutrient absorption without being burdened with tasks unrelated to digestion. This division of labor allows for greater complexity and functionality within the organism, as tasks can be performed simultaneously and more effectively compared to a scenario where every cell performs all functions independently.